{"id":57740,"date":"2025-03-05T22:28:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T22:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dinsmore.com\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=57740"},"modified":"2025-12-31T16:13:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T16:13:55","slug":"court-blocks-enforcement-of-anti-dei-executive-orders","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/www.dinsmore.com\/publications\/court-blocks-enforcement-of-anti-dei-executive-orders\/","title":{"rendered":"Court Blocks Enforcement of Anti-DEI Executive Orders"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dinsmore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DEI-orders-Header.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What, exactly, is \u201cillegal\u201d Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (\u201cDEI\u201d)?&nbsp;As we previously <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dinsmore.com\/publications\/dei-executive-orders-pose-risks-for-federal-contractors\/\">reported<\/a>,&nbsp;two recent Executive Orders (\u201cEO\u201d) prohibit \u201cillegal\u201d DEI practices that violate longstanding civil rights laws, but fail to define precisely what conduct\u2014potentially including protected free speech\u2014they address.&nbsp;For this and other reasons, a Maryland federal district court recently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/National-Association-of-Diversity-Officers-in-Higher-Education-v.-Trump-feb-21-2025.pdf\">granted<\/a> a preliminary injunction barring the Trump administration from enforcing most provisions of the anti-DEI EOs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Takeaways for Government Contractors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Trump administration is currently enjoined from enforcing most parts of the anti-DEI orders.\u00a0It cannot cancel grants or contracts, require DEI-related certifications or bring enforcement actions rooted in the anti-DEI EOs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The EOs were not enjoined in all respects.\u00a0The government may still prepare a report identifying alleged DEI offenders, and may also investigate perceived DEI civil rights violations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>False Claims Act risk remains even while the injunction is in place.\u00a0Most contracts contain a clause (FAR 52.222-26) prohibiting contractors from discriminating based on race.\u00a0Even without the express materiality provision in the EO, plaintiffs may argue the government \u201chas signaled [a] change in position\u201d by indicating that compliance with discrimination laws may be material to payment.\u00a0<em>See <\/em><em>Universal Health Services, Inc. v. United States. ex rel. Escobar<\/em>, 579 U.S. 176, 195 (2016). The government, however, has instructed contracting officers not to include certain equal opportunity clauses, including FAR 52.222-26, in future solicitations and to notify contractors that the government will not be enforcing compliance with these provisions in existing contracts, making FCA claims premised on these contract clauses more challenging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The law may change, quickly.&nbsp;On February 24, 2025, the Trump administration filed a notice of appeal, and this issue could potentially even reach the U.S. Supreme Court.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, <em>National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education, et al. v. Trump<\/em> is pending before Judge Adam B. Abelson in the District of Maryland.&nbsp;The plaintiffs include the city of Baltimore and membership associations representing educators and restaurant workers. The plaintiffs sought injunctive relief, arguing that the EOs are unconstitutionally vague and restrict free speech.&nbsp; Recently, civil rights organizations filed similar lawsuits in the District of Columbia, the Eastern District of Virginia, the Northern District of California and the Northern District of Illinois.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Hearing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On February 19, 2025, Judge Abelson held a hearing on the plaintiffs\u2019 motion for a preliminary injunction that foreshadowed his subsequent ruling when the Department of Justice (\u201cDOJ\u201d) could not provide clarification about the meaning of \u201cillegal\u201d DEI.&nbsp;For example, Judge Abelson asked, \u201cLet\u2019s say for example the Department of Education funds computers in elementary schools. Would it constitute illegal DEI for teachers to use one of those computers to teach about Jim Crow?\u201d&nbsp;DOJ attorney Pardis Gheibi replied \u201cI can\u2019t answer that question.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Judge Abelson further asked whether discussing inclusive leadership, diversity and cultural sensitivity is \u201csuddenly\u201d illegal.&nbsp;Gheibi said that she could not answer that question, either.&nbsp;Judge Abelson replied \u201c[t]hat is what your boss, the attorney general, said.\u201d He noted that Attorney General Pam Bondi\u2019s memo regarding the EOs instructed the DOJ\u2019s Civil Rights Division to \u201cinvestigate, eliminate, and penalize illegal DEI\u201d efforts such as \u201cpreferences, mandates, policies, programs, and activities\u201d in the private sector and at educational institutions that receive federal funds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Order<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two days after the hearing, the Court granted, in large part, the plaintiffs\u2019 request for a preliminary injunction, holding that the plaintiffs would likely succeed on their claims that the EOs violated constitutional free speech rights and due process protections. The Court tethered its reasoning to the questions that the DOJ failed to answer earlier in the week, noting that \u201cthe government refused to even attempt to clarify\u201d what constitutes illegal DEI \u201cor whether these hypothetical scenarios [regarding implementation of DEI] are legal.\u201d It noted that the EOs leave &#8220;the private sector at a loss for whether the administration will deem a particular policy, program, discussion, announcement etc., to be among the &#8216;preferences, mandates, policies, programs and activities&#8217; the administration now deems &#8216;illegal.'&#8221;&nbsp; It said that neither EO \u201cgives guidance on what the new administration considers to constitute \u2018illegal DEI discrimination and preferences,\u2019 or \u2018[p]romoting \u2018diversity.\u2019\u2019 Consequently, \u201c[b]ecause even the government does not know what constitutes DEI-related speech that violates federal anti-discrimination laws, Plaintiffs have easily shown a likelihood that they will prevail\u2026\u201d&nbsp;In addition, the Court concluded that one of the EOs constitutes \u201cviewpoint\u201d discrimination, meaning it &#8220;squarely, unconstitutionally&#8221; infringes on the freedom of speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The preliminary injunction applies nationwide to the named plaintiffs and all similarly situated parties, and bars three specific categories of government activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>First<\/em><em>, <\/em>the Court blocked an EO provision directing federal agencies to \u201cterminate&#8230; all&#8230; \u2018equity-related&#8217; grants or contracts\u201d within 60 days, reasoning that this provision is unconstitutionally vague under the Fifth Amendment\u2019s Due Process Clause, and that the EO failed to give fair notice of what constitutes an \u201cequity-related\u201d grant or contract.&nbsp; This, according to the Court, could lead to arbitrary or discriminatory enforcement by agency officials, and leaves individuals and organizations with no way to know how to bring their grants and contracts into compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Second<\/em><em>, <\/em>the Court blocked the provision requiring federal contractors and grant recipients to certify that they (1) agree that compliance \u201cwith all applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws is material to the government\u2019s payment decisions\u201d for False Claims Act purposes, and (2) do \u201cnot operate any programs promoting DEI that violate any applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws.\u201d&nbsp;The Court held that these requirements probably violate the First Amendment because they restrict free speech about DEI, emphasizing that the certifications reach past federally funded activities and implicate all of a contractor\u2019s or grantee\u2019s operations. The Court further noted that the government\u2019s refusal to clarify what DEI initiatives are illegal heightens the \u201cspeech-chilling effect\u201d of the certification and \u201cwas likely designed to induce . . . federal contractors and grantees to apply an over inclusive definition of illegal DEI to avoid risking liability.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Third<\/em>, the Court partially enjoined the EO provision directing federal agencies to end \u201cillegal discrimination and preferences, including DEI\u201d in the private sector and to develop a plan to \u201cdeter DEI programs or principles\u201d through civil investigations. The injunction blocks the government from bringing enforcement actions against private sector organizations based on this provision, which likely violates both the First Amendment (as an unconstitutional viewpoint-based restriction) and the Fifth Amendment (due to vagueness about what constitutes \u201cillegal DEI.\u201d)&nbsp;The Court noted that the threat of enforcement actions applies only to DEI programs and does not include \u201c<em>anti-<\/em>DEI principles that may also be in violation of existing federal anti-discrimination laws.\u201d The Court found \u201c[t]hat is textbook viewpoint-based discrimination.\u201d And, because the EOs contain \u201cvague, undefined standards\u201d of what conduct is prohibited, the Court held the directive to bring enforcement actions \u201cis facially unconstitutional\u201d under the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court\u2019s injunction did not block the anti-DEI EOs across the board. The Attorney General may still prepare an enforcement report regarding DEI activity, and the government may investigate companies\u2019 DEI policies and practices. This is something the DOJ is already doing.&nbsp;At the February 19 hearing, the DOJ said that said Attorney General Bondi is currently determining the government\u2019s \u201cenforcement strategy,\u201d and the specific DEI-related programs that violate federal anti-discrimination laws, as required by the EOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the meantime, we suggest working with your Dinsmore attorney to minimize risks and stay updated on the latest developments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Membership associations representing teachers and sociologists also filed a lawsuit in the District of Maryland in response to the Department of Education\u2019s \u201cDear Colleague Letter,\u201d which threatens to withhold federal funding from schools with DEI programs on the basis that the letter violates the First and Fifth Amendments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What, exactly, is \u201cillegal\u201d Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (\u201cDEI\u201d)?&nbsp;As we previously reported,&nbsp;two recent Executive Orders (\u201cEO\u201d) prohibit \u201cillegal\u201d DEI practices that violate longstanding civil rights laws, but fail to define precisely what conduct\u2014potentially including protected free speech\u2014they address.&nbsp;For this and other reasons, a Maryland federal district court recently granted a preliminary injunction barring the Trump\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"publication-type":[12],"class_list":["post-57740","publications","type-publications","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","publication-type-legal-alerts"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Court Blocks Enforcement of Anti-DEI Executive Orders - Dinsmore &amp; 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